ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 pandemic witnessed rapid development and use of several vaccines. In India, a country-wide immunization was initiated in January 2021. COVISHIELD, the chimpanzee adenoviral vectored vaccine with full length SARS-COV-2 spike insert and COVAXIN, the whole virus, inactivated vaccine, were used. Objective(s): The present study was aimed at assessment and comparison of antibody response to COVISHIELD and COVAXIN. Material(s) and Method(s): Blood samples were collected pre-vaccination, 1 month post-1/post-2 doses and 6 months post-dose-2, from healthcare workers receiving COVISHIELD and COVAXIN vaccines. The samples were tested for IgG-anti-SARS-CoV-2 (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (Nab, PRNT50). Result(s): In pre-vaccination-antibody negative COVISHIELD recipients (pre-negatives, n = 120), % Nab seroconversion increased from 55.1% post-dose-1 to 95.6% post-dose-2, that were independent of age/gender/BMI. Presence of co-morbidities reduced Nab titers (p = 0.004). In pre-positives (n = 67), Nab titers increased to 40.7 fold from 75 (IQR 29-129) before vaccination to 3050 (IQR 1282-3998, p<0.001) post-first-dose, but declined to 1740 (IQR 911-3116, p = 0.037) post-2nd-dose. Nab response in pre-positives was independent of age/gender/BMI/co-morbidities. Post-dose-2 seroconversion (50%, p<0.001) and Nab titers (6.75, 2.5-24.8, p<0.001) in COVAXIN recipients were lower than COVISHIELD. Diminished Nab titers were observed at 6 months post-dose-2 for both vaccines. Conclusion(s): This first-time, systematic, real-world assessment revealed generation of higher neutralizing antibody titers by COVISHIELD. Relation of dose interval and decline in Nab titers post- 2nd-dose in pre-positives need further assessment. Diminished Nab titers at 6 months emphasize early booster.
ABSTRACT
The Corona Virus Disease of 2019 is characterized by a serious epidemic (COVID-19). The acute respiratory syndrome is caused by the coronavirus, which is followed by an inflammatory response in the host. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a condition in which the body causes acute breathing problems, multiple organ impairment disorder, and even in the early stages of multiple organ failure extreme COVID-19. Increased development of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the late stages of serious disease causes the immune system's reaction to becoming controlled, resulting in immune fatigue. Pandemics have wreaked havoc on humanity's strata, wiped out whole nations, and strengthening immunity is long overdue. A strong immune system is needed to fight a viral infection. Multivitamin-rich diets improve pathogen immunity by triggering immune responses in several immune cells, as an example. Various immune-stimulating herbs, plants, and spices like chicory, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, myrrh, ginger, etc., must be included to counteract the pathogens. © 2022 by the authors.